In this paper I expose the hermeneutic turn in Popperian philosophy of science. It is a milestone in the search of scientific rationality because permit us explain and understand both the method of deductive test of theories and the growth of knowledge. Especially, incorporating hermeneutics parameters, build up from Popper’s point of view, like situational logic, supported on the third world theory and the scientific tradition theory, open a door to another form of understand the scientific rationality. It expands the (...) ingenuous model of falsification towards the question of increase of knowledge, which consists on pose problems, putforwards tentative theories, evaluate error elimination, and generate new problems. One of the outcomes leads us to replant our conception of Popper’s philosophy of science close from an hermeneutic point of view. (shrink)

This article is about the radical unity of natural law, and shows that, according to the thinking of Saint Thomas, the plurality of moral precepts can be adequately understood only in its light. In other words, any precept of natural law is a precept because it participates in the first principle. It follows that a division of the precepts into primary, secondary and tertiary precepts does not correspond to a schematic classification. The distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary precepts of (...) natural law is a relative distinction. (shrink)

El cuidado de personas dependientes ha sido algo propio y radical del ser humano desde sus orígenes y raramente se plantea un escenario donde la persona que ejerce los cuidados fuere sustituida por un ente cibernético dotado de funcionalidades e inteligencia artificial suficiente como para llevar a cabo dicha labor. Este punto de partida nos ofrece la oportunidad para profundizar en la esencia del sentido del cuidado y la relación que subyace entre la persona que cuida y la persona que (...) es cuidada. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito reflexionar en torno de la racionalidad con la cual se podría hacer inteligible y evaluable hacer una transición a formas posibles de vida. Para ello, esta reflexión ha querido tener como interlocutores fundamentales a Marx y a Hinkelammert. El tema en cuestión con el que quisiéramos hacer inteligible nuestro problema gira en torno de la teoría del fetichismo que tan magistralmente está desarrollando por la obra de Hinkelammert a partir de los tex- tos de (...) Marx. En este sentido nuestro interés gira en torno del problema metodológico y epistemológico que implica la racionalidad de este pasaje de una forma de vida a otra, no tanto porque queramos saber los pasos que hay que seguir para pensar este tipo de pasaje o transición, o porque sólo queramos saber cómo piensan Marx o Hinkelammert cuando piensan este tipo de problemas, sino que quisiéramos hacer algo similar con nuestra realidad o problema, es decir, ya no nos basta con criticar al capitalismo o la modernidad, sino que quisiéramos fácticamente ir más allá de ellos, es decir, quisiéramos trascender a la modernidad para poder producir, o reconstruir una forma de vida que gire efectivamente en torno del principio de la producción y reproducción de la vida, pero ya no sólo de los seres humanos, sino también de la naturaleza. (shrink)

De la racionalidad moderna hacia la racionalidad de la vida -- De la dialéctica moderna del desarrollo desigual hacia una dialética trascendental del desarrollo de la vida humana y la naturaleza.

In Mexico, there is little research on the study of self-injury and even less on possible explanatory models. With this in mind, this study aimed to determine the relationship between self-injury and depression, emotional dysregulation, and coping styles, to generate an explanatory model of the problem. The study was carried out using a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory scope, design and a sample of 5835 adolescents enrolled in 62 public high schools in the state of Sonora. Logistic regressions were performed for data (...) analysis, and as a result it was found that, for students with severe self-injury, the model explains 61 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 84.1 % of the participants; whereas, in mild self-injury, the model explains 72 % of the variance in the data and correctly classifies 88.2 % of the students. Likewise, the depression dimensions showed the highest explanatory level and positive correlations with emotional dysregulation and avoidance coping style, as well as negative correlations with approach coping style. At the end, the importance of the independent variables for future research is discussed, as well as anomalous results and other data of interest. (shrink)

En la Sentencia 18 Por!rio se inspira en un pasaje plotiniano de En. III 6 [26] 4, 41-52, donde trata precisamente sobre la sensación, pero introduciendo dos innovaciones relevantes: 1) la noción de ser vivo, donde Plotino menciona solo la parte pasiva del alma y la materia – lo que constituye una manera de insistir en la relación íntima que se da entre el alma y el cuerpo en el compuesto–; y 2) las nociones de “armonía no separada” y de (...) “armonía separada”, donde Plotino alude solo a una armonía que hace vibrar ella misma las cuerdas y que dicta su regla al músico. La armonía separada puede intensi!carse con la relación armónica que existe en sí, independiente del instrumento y de la interpretación musical. Asimismo, para trazar un paralelismo entre la armonía de la lira y el estado de inherencia del alma, Jámblico se re!ere a la concepción plotiniano-por!riana del ser vivo: el animal es el cuerpo que posee una naturaleza particular y que ha sido vivificada no por el alma, sino por una especie de derivado del alma que denomina “huella” o “luz” del alma, por lo que el alma misma no se une al cuerpo. (shrink)

This article deals with an object of Philosophy, strictly the Philosophy of Language, which concerns the study of the logic and of the dialectics. So, it proposes to analyze the dialectic-logical conceptual aspects in the Corpus Hermeticum 12.12-14a in comparison with the logical texts of the Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, in order to find supposed sources conformed with the hermetic text, and know how they were re-worked in it. For that, the references, descriptions and quotations of Sextus Empiricus and of Diocles (...) Magnes, apud Diogenes Laertius, they constitute important sources on the philosophical doctrines of Zenon, Cleanthes and Crysippus. One considers that the doctrine of the first part of the Corp. Herm. 12 is, often, Platonic. Nevertheless, there are realized signs of influences of stoicism. The conception about νοῦς [nous] in the man is from Platonic origin, but the expression προφοριϰὸς λόγος [prophorikos logos] is certainly Stoic. Then, the Corp. Herm. 12 is a product of a middle-stoicism or middle-Platonism, stoicizing Platonism or platonizing Stoicism, which cannot have appeared before the c. I B.C.E. Specifically, the article is interested in the dialectic-logical problem that involve some Stoic concepts, as λόγος, προφοριϰὸς λόγος, φωνή [phōnē], as well as the problem of the connective propositional logic in the platonizing process through the doctrine of νοῦς themed in the Corp. Herm. 12.12-14a, assuming a theological dimension and a divine character of λόγος, by being ἐνδιάϑετος λόγος, the thought that exists ἐν τῇ διαϑέσει, ἐν τῷ νῷ. (shrink)

En la Sentencia 18 Por!rio se inspira en un pasaje plotiniano de En. III 6 [26] 4, 41-52, donde trata precisamente sobre la sensación, pero introduciendo dos innovaciones relevantes: 1) la noción de ser vivo, donde Plotino menciona solo la parte pasiva del alma y la materia – lo que constituye una manera de insistir en la relación íntima que se da entre el alma y el cuerpo en el compuesto–; y 2) las nociones de “armonía no separada” y de (...) “armonía separada”, donde Plotino alude solo a una armonía que hace vibrar ella misma las cuerdas y que dicta su regla al músico. La armonía separada puede intensi!carse con la relación armónica que existe en sí, independiente del instrumento y de la interpretación musical. Asimismo, para trazar un paralelismo entre la armonía de la lira y el estado de inherencia del alma, Jámblico se re!ere a la concepción plotiniano-por!riana del ser vivo: el animal es el cuerpo que posee una naturaleza particular y que ha sido vivificada no por el alma, sino por una especie de derivado del alma que denomina “huella” o “luz” del alma, por lo que el alma misma no se une al cuerpo. (shrink)

O tópico do presente artigo é a teoria da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ [_heimarmen__ē_]. Ele analisa focalmente a relação da teoria da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ do _Corp. Herm._ 12.5-9 e de fontes médio-platônicas. Os resultados da análise se limitam a responder as teorias da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ do hermetismo e do médio-platonismo. No entanto, existem diferentes pontos de vista sobre a teoria da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ no médio-platonismo. Assim, o escopo envolve principalmente o _Corp. Herm._ 12.5-9, _De Fato_ de Plutarco de Queroneia, _De Doctrina Platonis_ de Alcínoo e _De (...) Platone_ de Apuleio de Madaura. O presente artigo demonstra, por meio do método filosófico histórico-comparativo, que a teoria da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ do _Corp. Herm._ 12.5-9 é predominantemente médio-platônica apesar das incidências das proposições (neo)estoicas. Assim, em particular, este artigo assume que o _Corp. Herm._ 12.5-9 tem uma combinação da _heimarmenologia_ com a teoria platônica do _νο__ῦ__ς_ [nous]. Primeiramente, serão apontados os significados de _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ e seus correlatos no _Corp. Herm._ como um todo em comparação com o platonismo. Depois, discutir-se-á a escolha de ações prudentes e apaixonadas pela alma no _Corp. Herm._ 12.-5-9. Em seguida, procurar-se-á explicar quais são as implicações da _ε__ἱ__μαρμένη_ no _ἐ__λλόγιμοι_ (prudentes) no _Corp. Herm._ 12.-5-9. Por fim, será demonstrado que este texto é influenciado pela _teoria do destino condicional ou hipotético_ diferentemente de uma doutrina puramente estoica. (shrink)

Rawls says that public reason is the reason of the citizens of a democratic state and takes the Supreme Court in the USA as the exemplar of public reason. It differs from non public reason, which is used e.g., in universities and academic institutions. Rawls contrasts with Kant, which opposes the public reason of the scholar—or the philosopher—, who speaks before the world, to the private reason of state or church officials. The later, once they accept an authority, cannot think (...) by themselves (selbst denken). A closer examination shows that Rawls is not so far from Kant as it seems, because he takes the constitutional judges not as they are, but as they should be. However Rawls still apparently refuses Kant’s unity of reason. Further investigation of the relations between ethical reason, democratic reason and legal reason is needed. Democratic reason is tantamount both to public reason and to legal reason in a modern constitutional state. It is a requirement of ethics but still not identical with ethical reason, since it is possible to accept democratic reason and to argue against it from an ethical point of view. There is just one good way of reasoning, in spite of the constraints that the sources of law and the rules of procedure impose on legal reasoning, compared with ethics. Such constraints are based on the democratic principle, which is again based on ethical reason, which at last both grounds and limits the constraints that law imposes on reason. (shrink)

Does Duncan Kennedy successfully cannibalize jurisprudence? He attempts to do it by demonstrating the inexistence of rightness in legal argumentation. If there is no right legal argument, then there is no right answer in adjudication, adjudication is not a rational enterprise and legal doctrine cannot be said to be a science. It can be shown that skepticism is self-defeating. Duncan Kennedy can avoid self defeat only because he actually believes in a lot of legal arguments. His thesis that judges decide (...) questions of policy without any methodology that distinguishes them from legislators does not hold. Judicial reasoning is subject to constraints that do not affect legislators. It must be based on the sources of law and is limited by rules of procedure. Even when the judges have ‘interstitial’ legislative powers they are, unlike the legislator, bound to fit the system and their decisions are considered in procedure from the perspective of the right answer doctrine. The only work that can convincingly refute the skeptic argument against legal science is the reconstruction of jurisprudence as a scientific enterprise. Such work is beyond the scope of any single paper. The article aims to give some inspirations for such a task. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los intentos llevados a cabo por Jeremy Bentham y John Stuart Mill para hacer converger algunos de los principales modelos de fundamentación moral: las éticas de la felicidad, como la aristotélica, o la propia ética utilitarista, las éticas del deber de raíz kantiana y las éticas de los derechos.Si conseguimos “reducir”, en primer lugar, las éticas de los derechos al modelo de la ética del deber, podremos simplificar mucho la cuestión y limitarnos a contrastar este último modelo (...) con las éticas de la felicidad, que a su vez deberían converger en la propia ética de la utilidad. No obstante, y aun reconociendo su gran interés, una convergencia completa entre modelos alternativos se revela como imposible. A pesar de los esfuerzos, sobre todo de John Stuart Mill, no es posible una unificación completa de los planteamientos utilitaristas con los de Aristóteles y Kant. La continuación de la empresa utilitarista de lucha por la unificación teórica en el ámbito del problema de la fundamentación moral encuentra un buen ejemplo actual en la obra de Esperanza Guisán. (shrink)

When the conquerors arrived in the Valley of Mexico, they were amazed at the creations of the culture inherited from the Toltec tradition. With the prurpose of acknowledging this culture, this paper points out that words such as truth, thinking, and doubt have a very different connotation in modern European philosophy, to the Anahuac culture, which flourished in the Valley of Mexico between the 9th and 16th centuries. This writing presents a comparison of the process to obtain true knowledge according (...) to the rationality of the Nahua world of the 16th century and three authors of European modernity: Descartes, Kant and Hegel. Modernity is found to present a dominant and egocentric subject with self-referential thinking. In the Nahua culture the ideal is the man with a "heart of stone" and a "wise face" who seeks what is true, what has roots, and expresses it through poetry, “the flower and the song”. (shrink)

En este volumen José de Faria ofrece una muestra de los fundamentos que brindan una forma propia de pensar en cuanto pensamiento pensado, pero también en tanto que pensamiento pensante, con todo lo que esto acarrea de frágil, de nuevo, e incluso de ruptura a la filosofía del derecho a partir de un étimo onto-antropológico. -- En esta perspectiva es donde el derecho, en cuanto orden sumergido en la historia, se concibe como un enorme y genuino pedazo de lo (...) real construido que pertenece a la galaxia de la razón práctica.No se trata simplemente de un (válido) deber-ser que es. -- En realidad, y sobre todo, se trata de un válido es que debe ser. -- A lo largo del texto, el lector podrá encontrar reflexiones actuales e importantes, no sólo sobre el problema de la obediencia al derecho, con la búsqueda de una respuesta posible de nuestro tiempo, sino que también podrá indagar sobre aspectos más analíticos de la normatividad jurídica, especialmente en lo referente a la dimensión del derecho como categoría del pensamiento, realizado en el horizonte de una lógica comprensiva.Todo eso sin perder de vista la necesidad de analizar una vertiente crucial para la fundamentación antropológica del Derecho: su dimensión temporal, críticamente reflejada en la temporalidad de lo justo. (shrink)

Due to the importance of the theory of values, elaborated by Max Scheler, this article aims to describe the essence and originality of the moral foundation, showing the absolute nature inherent to it, to erect an ethics of absolute moral values. This done, we will find, in fact, axiological foundations capable of showing the principles that permeate and make the basis of people's ethical and moral life full of value and meaning, within the responsive and responsible causality of their actions (...) and decisions that emanate from this human capacity and, that is latent in its essence. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata dos problemas da composição das subjetividades e suas interconexões com a Escola, com a Cultura e com o Corpo. Fazer ouvir, no campo da pesquisa em Educação, os conceitos nietzschianos da transvaloração dos valores, do übermensche e da fortitute são nossas propostas. A questão central que se coloca como objeto é: que tipo-homem, que subjetividades, tem forjado nossas instituições de ensino?

No século XIX, com o estabelecimento das ciência humanas, desenvolve-se dentro da filosofia uma disputa sobre o método científico. Em termos gerais, essa disputa girava em torno de saber se o método científico era universal, aplicando-se indistintamente a fenômenos naturais e humanos, ou se cada tipo de fenômeno demandava um tipo especial de método. No presente trabalho essa disputa é circunscrita à discussão entre Dilthey e a escola neokantiana de Baden, nas figuras de Windelband e Rickert. Apesar de relativamente bem (...) documentada, os motivos e fundamentos dessa discussão permanecem obscuros e pouco estudados. Procurando lançar alguma luz sobre esses pressupostos, este trabalho toma como estratégia de investigação a análise das concepções de experiência de cada um dos pensadores citados. Com isso, procura-se mostrar que boa parte das críticas e incompreensões de ambos os lados podem ser explicadas pelas diferenças entre as concepções de experiência assumidas por cada um deles. De um lado, para os neokantianos, a experiência é pensada como algo passivo e o método científico como aquilo que a organiza em função da orientação assumida na pesquisa. Já Dilthey oscila ambiguamente entre uma posição ontológica, que procura determinar o método científico a partir de tipos diferentes de experiência, e uma concepção formal próxima ao neokantismo, pela qual a experiência é distinguida em tipos em função da orientação metodológica adotada na pesquisa científica. Por fim, além de expor a atualidade da crítica metodológica neokantiana, este trabalho procura mostra que a ambiguidade do pensamento de Dilthey não constitui uma limitação, mas reflete as dificuldades de uma nova forma de pensar que terá desdobramentos decisivos na filosofia contemporânea, para além das discussões sobre metodologia científica. (shrink)

Das Crises às possibilidades da Educação Superior no Brasil: uma leitura a partir de Hannah Arendt Resumo: O texto procura entender os pressupostos da educação superior no Brasil e faz considerações sobre seus limites e potencialidades à luz de Hannah Arendt. Segundo Hannah Arendt, a crise da educação remete-se a uma crise de estabilidade de todas as instituições políticas e sociais. E para o enfrentamento dessa crise, Hannah Arendt sugere reconsiderar a crise da modernidade para se repensar criticamente o papel (...) da educação no mundo contemporâneo. De fato, sua reflexão assevera que a educação está entre as atividades mais elementares e necessárias da sociedade humana, e, por isso, tem de ser continuamente repensada em função das transformações do mundo no qual nascem novos seres humanos. Hannah Arendt, questiona e faz pensar como que a crise da e na educação impede todo desenvolvimento de tarefas e dinâmicas que ajudem, especialmente aos estudantes (em qualquer área de conhecimento) a possuírem e produzirem um conhecimento que leve a um enfrentamento de situações críticas do quotidiano. Palavras-Chave: Hannah Arendt; Educação Superior; Crise na Educação; Cidadania; Direito Educacional. From Crises to Possibilities of Higher Education in Brazil: a Reading Based on Hannah Arendt Abstract: The text aims to understand assumptions of higher education in Brazil and makes considerations about limits and potentialities concerning those assumptions in the light of Hannah Arendt. According to Hannah Arendt, the crisis in education refers to a crisis of stability of all political and social institutions. And to envisage this crisis, Hannah Arendt suggests reconsidering the crisis of modernity to critically rethink the role of education in the contemporary world. In fact, her reflection asserts that education is among the most fundamental and necessary activities of human society, and, therefore, it must be continually rethought considering transformations in the world in which new human beings are born. Hannah Arendt, questions and makes us think about how the crisis of and in education prevents any development of tasks and dynamics that help, especially for students (in any area of knowledge) to possess and produce knowledge that leads to facing critical situations in the everyday. Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Higher Education; Crisis on Education; Citizenship; Educational Law. Des crises aux possibilités d e l’enseignement supérieur au Brésil : une lecture chez Hannah Arendt Résumé: Le texte a le but de comprendre les présupposés de l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil et fait des considérations sur ses limites et ses potentialités à la lumière d'Hannah Arendt. Selon Hannah Arendt, la crise de l'éducation renvoie à une crise de stabilité de toutes les institutions politiques et sociales. Et pour faire face à cette crise, Hannah Arendt propose de reconsidérer la crise de la modernité afin de repenser de manière critique le rôle de l'éducation dans le monde contemporain. En effet, sa réflexion affirme que l'éducation fait partie des activités les plus élémentaires et les plus nécessaires de la société humaine et qu'elle doit, donc, être continuellement repensée à la lumière des transformations du monde dans lesquelles de nouveaux êtres humains voient le jour. Hannah Arendt, interroge et fait réfléchir sur la façon dont la crise de et dans l'éducation empêche tout développement de tâches et de dynamiques qui aident, en particulier pour les étudiants (dans n'importe quel domaine de la connaissance) à posséder et produire des connaissances qui conduisent à faire face à des situations critiques dans le quotidien. Mots-Clés : Hannah Arendt; Enseignement supérieur; crise de l'éducation; citoyenneté; droit éducatif. Data de registro: 23/12/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Oficina de sociólogo -- O artesanato sociológico em sete narrativas -- Desigualdade e diferença : ciladas da compreensão -- Funções heurísticas das anomalias do trabalho.

On the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council and the 20th anniversary since the publication of The Catechism of the Catholic Church, Benedict XVI published a Letter entitled Porta Fidei, in which it was promulgated the Year of Faith. It began on November 11th 2012 and expired onl November 24th 2013. The year of 2012 was also when the XIII Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops about The New Evangelization for the (...) Transmission of the Christian Faith took place. On the Apostolic Letter Porta Fidei, Benedict XVI remembered that in the current days faith cannot be assumed in society and also pointed out the importance of rediscovering it, to "show the joy of meeting Christ”, welcoming the grace and the teachings of the Second Vatican Council and the contribution of the Church's Catechism to The New Evangelization for the preaching of the Christian faith. We understand that pointing out the strength and beauty of faith means to present it in a new way to man, keeping its essential integrity. Such exercise isn’t just a challenge for the Church, but also an urgent task and an important contribution to the complete formation of the human being. To say the same thing in a new way we must always come from a source which is capable of preserving and renewing our faith. The primary source of faith is the Divine Revelation and therefore this is also the source of the proclamation of the Gospel. This idea, for us, is decisive for the matter of faith and its announcement, which is found in the Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum on Divine Revelation. Therefore our article will develop this idea based on Dei Verbum and it intends to be a contribution to catechesis, understood as a process of initiation into the Christian life or life in faith. (shrink)

La filosofía moral de Adam Smith se fundamenta en el papel de la imaginación para explicar el orden social en un nivel macro, y como mecanismo de identificación afec tiva en un nivel micro. En ambos casos, el rol de la imaginación en nuestra psicología moral refuta la tesis de un _homo economicus_, o de que el ser humano está motiva do a entrar en sociedad por su interés personal. Esto sirve de premisa para refutar la posición hobbesiana de un (...) estado de naturaleza histórico que está en la base de nuestros juicios morales que fundan la sociedad civil y la necesidad del magistrado. (shrink)

Quality of language comprehension determines performance in all kinds of activities including academics. Processing of words initially develops as auditory, and gradually extends to visual as children learn to read. School failure is highly related to listening and reading comprehension problems. In this study we analyzed sex-differences in comprehension of texts in Spanish in three modalities presented to 12–14-years old students, native in Spanish. We controlled relevant cognitive variables such as attention, phonological and semantic fluency and speed of processing. Girls’ (...) comprehension was similar in the three modalities of presentation, however boys were importantly benefited by dual-modality as compared to boys exposed only to visual or auditory text presentation. With respect to the relation of text comprehension and school performance, students with low grades in Spanish showed low auditory comprehension. Interestingly, visual and dual modalities preserved comprehension levels in these low skilled students. Our results suggest that the use of visual-text support during auditory language presentation could be beneficial for low school performance students, especially boys, and encourage future research to evaluate the implementation in classes of the rapidly developing technology of simultaneous speech transcription, that could be, in addition, beneficial to non-native students, especially those recently incorporated into school or newly arrived in a country from abroad. (shrink)

Este artigo é parte do estudo de doutorado que investigou a concepção de currículo na obra de Dermeval Saviani. O levantamento da produção do autor permitiu-nos identificar que a mesma se concentra, prioritariamente, em quatro grandes áreas: estrutura e política educacional; filosofia da educação; história da educação e teoria pedagógica. Tomamos para análise, neste artigo, as contribuições no campo da filosofia da educação. Concluímos que o autor articula pressupostos ontológicos, gnosiológicos, axiológicos e teleológicos, sustentando uma concepção histórico-crítica de currículo a (...) partir de uma sólida concepção filosófica. (shrink)